To-Do
Audience Analysis
- One page
- Description of Who the Audience is
- Their background information
- What is everyone's role
- Description of Who you Are
- Your background information
- What is your role
- Where Everyone is
- What are the Circumstances of our meeting
Real World Outline
Chapter 7
- What are the basic types of processes?
- Structured Processes
- Definition
- Formally defined , standardized processes that involve day to day operations.
- Dynamic Processes
- Definition
- Flexible, informal, and adaptive processes that normally involve strategic and less structured managerial decisions and activities.
- Work Group Process
- Definition
- Process that exists to enable work groups to fulfill the charter, purpose, and goals of a particular group or department.
- Work Group Information Systems
- Definition
- Support one or more processes within the work group.
- Also known as
- Functional Information Systems
- The program component of a functional information system is called a....
- Enterprise Processes
- Definition
- Processes that span an organization and support activities in multiple departments.
- Enterprise Information Systems
- Definition
- Support one or more enterprise processes.
- Inter-enterprise processes
- Definition
- Processes that span two or more independent organizations.
- Inter-enterprise Information Systems
- Definition
- Support one or more inter-enterprise processes.
- How can information systems improve process quality?
- Process Efficiency
- Definition
- Measure of the ratio of process outputs to inputs.
- Process Effectiveness
- Measure of how well a process achieves organizational strategy.
- Ways in Which Processes May Be Improved
- Change the Process Structure
- Reorganize the processes by reordering the tasks
- Change the Process Resources
- Change Allocation of Resources
- Identify Source Delays, and add more resources.
- Adding resources decreases source delays
- Change Both the Process Structure and Resources
- Ways in Which Information Systems Improve Process Quality
- Performing an activity (Process Activity)
- Partially automated
- Completely automated
- Augmenting a Human Performing an Activity
- Common reservation system
- Controlling Data Quality Process Flow
- Ensure that data values are correct
- Ensure that data is complete
- Ensure steps are performed on schedule
- Makes Correct Process Routing Decisions
- How do information systems eliminate the problems of information silos?
- Information Silo
- Definition
- The condition that exists when data are isolated in separated information systems.
- Problems of Information Silos
- Data Integrity
- Definition
- Organization has inconsistent or duplicated data.
- How do you solve the problems of information silos?
- Integrate the data into a single database and revise applications to use that database.
- How do CRM, ERP, and EAI support enterprise processes?
- The Need For Business Process Engineering
- Business Process Reengineering
- Definition
- The activity of altering existing and designing new business processes to take advantage of new information systems.
- Emergence of Enterprise Application Solutions
- Inherent Processes
- Definition
- Pre-designed procedures for using the software products, saved organizations from the expense, delays, and risks of business process re-engineering.
- Customer Relationship Management
- Customer Relationship Management System
- Definition
- A suite of applications, a database, and a set of inherent processes for managing all the the interactions with the customer, from lead generation to customer service.
- Customer Life Cycle
- Definition
- The cycle of marketing, customer acquisition, relationship management, and loss/churn.
- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
- Definition
- Suite of applications called modules, a database, and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform.
- Modules
- Definition
- Another name for ERP Application programs
- ERP System
- Definition
- Information system based on ERP technology.
- Primary Purpose
- Integration, by allowing the left hand of the organization to know what the right hand of the organization is doing.
- What can They Do?
- Display the current status of critical business factors to managers and executives.
- Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
- Definition
- Suite of software applications that integrates existing systems by providing layers of software that connect applications together.
- What Does EAI do?
- Connects system islands via a new layer of software/system
- Enables existing applications to communicate and share data
- Provides integrated information
- Leverages existing systems
- Leaves functional applications as is, while providing an integration layer over the top.
- Enables a gradual move to ERP
- What are the elements of an ERP system?
- What should the applications of a true ERP system Integrate?
- Supply Chain
- Manufacturing
- CRM
- Human Resources
- Accounting
- ERP Databases
- Trigger
- Definition
- Computer program stored within the database that runs to keep the database consistent when certain conditions arise.
- Stored Procedure
- Definition
- Computer program stored in the database that is used to enforce business rules.
- Business Process Procedures
- Process Blueprints
- Definition
- Inherent processes that are defined in the ERP solution.
- Training and Consulting
- Train the Trainer
- Definition
- ERP training curricula and numerous classes in which vendors train employees to act as Super Users, who then train other employees in order to reduce cost.
- Industry Specific Solutions
- Definition
- Industry-Specific Solutions
- Starter kits for specific industries that include database configuration files and process blueprints that apply to ERP implementation in specific industries.
- What are the challenges of implementing and upgrading enterprise information systems?
- The Challenges
- Collaborative Management
- Requirements gaps
- Definition
- What an organization requires versus what an application can actually do.
- Transition Problems
- Transitioning requires careful planning and substantial training.
- Employee Resistance
- Employees fear change because it threatens their Self Efficacy.
- Self Efficacy
- Definition
- Person's belief that he or she can be successful at his or her job.
- How do inter-enterprise IS solve the problems of enterprise silos?
- Distributed Systems
- Definition
- Applications processing is distributed across multiple
- What do they do?
- Enable programs to receive data from, and display data to, a variety of mobile and desktop devices.
Chapter 8
- What is a social media information system?
- Social Media
- Definition
- Use of information technology to support the sharing of content among networks of users.
- Social Media Information System
- Information system that supports the sharing of content among networks of users.
- SMIS Roles
- Social Media Providers
- Definition
- Platforms enable the creation of social relationships among people with common interests.
- Users
- Definition
- Individuals and organizations that use social media sites to build social relationships .
- Communities
- Definition
- Groups of people related by a common interest.
- SMIS Components
- Hardware
- Software
- Data
- Content Data
- Data and responses to data that are contributed by users.
- Connection Data
- Procedures
- People
- How do SMIS advance organizational strategy?
- Dynamic
- Definition
- Its flow cannot be designed or diagrammed.
- Social Media and the Sales and Marketing Activity
- Social CRM
- Definition
- Dynamic, SM-based CRM process.
- Social Media and Manufacturing and Operations
- Crowdsourcing
- Definition
- Dynamic social media process of employing users to participate in product design or product redesign.
- Businesses to Consumer
- Defintion
- Relationships to market products to end users.
- Business to Business
- Definition
- Manufactures using social media to become industry leaders and promote brand awareness.
- How do SMIS increase social capital?
- Capital
- Definition
- Incestment of Resources For Future Profit
- Human Capital
- Definition
- Investment in human knowledge and skills for future profit.
- Social Capital
- Definition
- Investment in social relations with the expectation of returns in the marketplace.
- The Value of Social Capital
- Social Capital Adds Value In These Four Ways
- Information
- Definition
- Information concerning opportunities, alternatives, problems, and other factors important to business professionals.
- Influence
- Definition
- Influence decisions makers who are critical to your success.
- Social Credentials
- Definition
- Being linked to a network of highly regarded contacts.
- Personal Reinforcement
- Definition
- Reinforces professional identity, position, and image in an organization or industry.
- Value of Social Capital
- Definition
- The number of relationships in a social network, the strength of those relationships, and the resources controlled by each relationship.
- Using Social Networking to Increase the Number of Relationships
- Influencer
- Definition
- Their opinion may force a change in others' behavior and beliefs.
- Using Social Networks to Increase the Strength of Relationships
- Strength of a Relationship
- Definition
- Likelihood that the other entity in the relationship will do something that benefits the organization.
- Using Social Networks to Connect to Those with More Resources
- Social Capital = Number of Relationships x Relationship Strength x Entity Resources
- How do (some) companies earn revenue from social media?
- You Are the Product
- Revenue Models for Social Media
- Advertising
- Pay Per Click
- Definition
- Revenue model in which advertisers display ads to potential customers for free and pay only when the customer clicks.
- Use Increases Value
- Definition
- More people use a site, the more value it has, and the more people will visit it.
- Freemium
- Definition
- Revenue model offers users a basic service for free and then charges a premium for upgrades or advanced features.
- Ad-Blocking Software
- Definition
- Used by web users to filter out advertising content and rarely, if ever, see internet ads.
- Does Mobility Reduce Online Ad Revenue?
- Conversion Rate
- Definition
- Measures the frequency that someone who clicks on an ad makes a purchase, likes a site, or takes some other action desired by the advertiser.
- How do organizations develop an effective SMIS?
- Steps
- Define Your Goals
- Identify Success Metrics
- Key Performance Indicators
- Definition
- Metrics that indicate you achieved goals.
- Metrics
- Definition
- Measurements used to track performance
- Vanity Metrics
- Definition
- Metrics that don't improve your decision making.
- Success Metrics
- Definition
- Key performance indicators
- Identify the Target Audience
- Brand Awareness
- Description
- Extent that users recognize a brand
- Metrics
- Audience growth rates
- Brand mentions in Social Media
- Conversion Rates
- Description
- Measures the frequency that someone takes a desired action.
- Metrics
- Click rate on SM content
- Assisted social conversions
- Web site traffic
- Description
- Quantity, frequency, duration, and depth of visits to a Web Site.
- Metrics
- Visitor frequency rate, referral traffic from SM.
- User engagement
- Description
- Extent to which users interact with a site, application, or other media.
- Metrics
- Number of SM interactions
- Reshares SM content
- Define Your Value
- Financial Capital
- Competitive Analysis
- Definition
- Identify the strengths and weaknesses in your competitors' use of social media.
- What is an enterprise social network (ESN)?
- Enterprise Social Network
- Definition
- Software platform that uses social media to facilitate cooperative work of people within an organization.
- Enterprise 2.0
- Web 2.0
- Definition
- Dynamic user-generated content systems
- Enterprise 2.0
- Definition
- Use of emergent social software platforms within companies, or between companies and their partners or customers.
- Folksonomy
- Definition
- Content structure that emerges from the processing of many user tags.
- Enterprise 2.0 Components
- SLATES
- Search
- Links
- Authoring
- Tags
- Definiton
- Natural emmergence of content organization structure
- Creation and Use of Folksonomy
- Extensions
- Measuring usage patterns of users to provide them with the content they desire, by predicting content of interest
- Signals
- Definition
- When something of interest occurs in organizational content.
- Publishing enterprising content to users based on subscriptions and alerts
- Changing Communication
- Communication Channels
- Definition
- Means of delivering messages
- Deploying Successful Enterprise Social Networks
- Best Practices
- Definition
- Methods that have been shown to produce successful results in prior implementations.
- How can organization address SMIS security concerns?
- Managing the Risk of Employee Communication
- Social Media Policy
- Definition
- Statement that delineates employees' rights and responsibilities.
- Pillars of Social Media Policy
- Disclose
- Definition
- To be transparent and Open
- Protect
- Definition
- To not overshare, slam competition, or tell secrets.
- Use Common Sense
- Definition
- Add value
- Do not inflame or respond to all criticism
- Admit Mistakes
- Managing the Risk of Inappropriate Content
- User Generated Content
- Content on your social media site that is contributed to by users
- Essence of SM relationships
- Problems from External Sources
- Junk and crackpot contributions
- Inappropriate content
- Unfavorable news
- Mutinous movements
- Responding to Social Networking Problems
- Leave it
- Respond to it
- Delete it
- 2025?
Chapter 9
- How do Organizations use business intelligence (BI) Systems?
- Business Intelligence Systems
- Information systems that process operational, social, and other data to identify business intelligence for use by business professionals and other knowledge workers.
- Business Intelligence
- Definition
- Patterns, relationships, trends, and predictions.
- BI Application
- Definition
- Software component of a BI system
- Decision Support Systems
- Definition
- Decision Making BI Systems
- Uses of Business Intelligence
- Project Management
- Problem Solving
- Deciding
- Informing
- What Are Typical BI Applications?
- Identifying Changes in Purchasing Patterns
- BI for Entertainment
- Predictive Policing
- Definition
- Analyzing data of past crimes to predict where crimes are likely to occur next.
- What are three primary activities in the BI process?
- Data Acquisition
- Definition
- The Process of obtaining, cleaning, organizing, relating, and cataloging source data.
- BI analysis
- Definition
- Process of creating business intelligence.
- Primary Activities In The BI Process
- Data Sources
- Acquire Data
- Perform Analysis
- Publish Results
- Receive feedback
- Repeat
- Publish Results
- Definition
- Delivering business intelligence to the knowledge workers who need it.
- Push Publishing
- Definition
- Delivers business intelligence to users without any request from the users.
- Pull Publishing
- Definition
- Requires the user to request BI results.
- How do Organizations use data warehouses and data marts to acquire data?
- Data Warehouse
- Definition
- Facility for managing an organization's BI data.
- Functions of a Data Warehouse
- Obtain Data
- Cleanse Data
- Organize and Relate Data
- Catalog Data
- Business Intelligence Users
- Definition
- Specialists in data analysis
- Knowledge Workers
- Definition
- Nonspecialist users of BI
- Granularity
- Definition
- Level of detail represented by the data
- Data Mart
- Definition
- Data collection, smaller than the data warehouse, that addresses the needs of a particular department or functional area of the business.
- How do Organizations use reporting applications?
- Reporting application
- Definition
- BI application that inputs data from one or more sources and applies reporting operations to that data to produce BI.
- Basic Reporting Operations
- Sorting
- Filtering
- Grouping
- Calculating
- Formatting
- RFM Analysis
- Definition
- Technique readily implemented with basic reporting operations, used to analyze and rank customers according to their purchasing patterns.
- Online Analytical Processing
- Definition
- Provides the ability to sum, count, average, and perform other simply arithmetic operations on groups of data.
- Measure
- Dimension
- Definition
- Characteristic of a measure
- OLAP Cube
- Definition
- Shows the Measure and Dimension of Each Measure in an OLAP Report
- Drill Down
- Definition
- Further divide the data into more detail.
- How do Organizations use data mining applications?
- Data Mining
- Definition
- Knowledge Discovery in Databases
- Unsupervised Data Mining
- Definition
- Analysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis, they apply a data mining application to the data and observe the results.
- Cluster Analysis
- Definition
- Statistical techniques identify groups of entities that have similar characteristics.
- Supervised data mining
- Definition
- Data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate parameters of the model.
- Regression analysis
- Definition
- Measures the effect of a set of variables on another variable.
- Neural Networks
- Definition
- Supervised data mining application used to predict values and make classifications.
- Market Basket Analysis
- Definition
- An unsupervised data mining technique for determining sales patterns.
- Cross Selling
- Definition
- Fact that customers who buy product "X" also buy product "Y", creates an opportunity for the products to be sold together.
- Support
- Definition
- Probability that two items will be purchased together
- Confidence
- Definition
- Conditional probability estimate
- Lift
- Definition
- Ratio of confidence to the base probability of buying an item.
- Decision Tree
- Definition
- Hierarchical arrangement of criteria that predict a classification or a value.
- How do Organizations use BigData applications?
- Review of Big Data
- Big Data data sets are at least a petabyte in size, but usually larger
- Big Data is generated rapidly
- Big Data has structured data, free-form text, log files, possibly graphics, audio, and video.
- Map Reduce
- Definition
- Technique for harnessing the power of thousands of computers working in parallel.
- Hadoop
- Definition
- Open source program supported by the Apache Foundation that implements MapReduce on potentially thousands of computers.
- Pig
- Definition
- Query language included with Hadoop.
- What is the role of knowledge management systems?
- Knowledge Management
- Definition
- Process of creating value from intellectual capital and sharing that knowledge with employees, managers, suppliers, customers, and others who need that capital.
- How Does Knowledge Management Benefit Organizations
- Improve Process Quality
- Increase Team Strength
- Expert Systems
- Definition
- Rule Based Systems that encode human knowledge in the form of If/Then rules.
- If/Then Rules
- Definition
- Statements that specify if a particular condition exists, and then to take some action.
- Expert System Shells
- Definition
- Programs that process a set of rules
- Content Management Systems
- Definition
- Information Systems that support the management and delivery of documents including reports, web pages, and other expressions of employee knowledge.
- Common Alternatives for Content Management Applications
- In-House Custom
- Off The Shelf
- Public Search Engine
- Hyper Social Knowledge Management
- Definition
- Application of social media and related applications for the management and delivery of organizational knowledge resources.
- Rich Directory
- Definition
- Employee Directory that includes not only the standard name, email, phone, and address but also organizational structure and expertise.
- What are the alternatives for publishing BI?
- Static Reports
- Definition
- BI documents that are fixed at the time of creation and do not change.
- Dynamic Reports
- Definition
- BI Documents that are updated at the time they are requested.
- BI Publishing Alternatives
- Email or Collaboration Tool
- Web Server
- SharePoint
- BI Server
- Subscriptions
- Definition
- User requests for particular BI results on a particular schedule or in response to particular events.
- BI Server
- Definition
- Web Server Application that is purpose built for the publishing of business intelligence.
- 2025?
- The Singularity
- Computer Systems Become Capable of Thinking on Their Own and Developing Their Own Software
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
- What is the Purpose of A Database?
- To organize and keep track of things and to organize and keep track of themes.
- Spreadsheets Vs Databases
- Spreadsheets
- Has only a single theme
- Are not made to be able to pull data
- Is good for serving one user
- Databases
- Have multiple themes
- Are made to be able to pull data
- Is good for serving multiple users
- Form
- An User Interface for the purpose of entering data.
- What is a Database?
- Relational Database
- Made up of Tables
- Tables are made up of rows and columns
- Rows and columns have a relationship with one another.
- Multiple Tables can be related with one another
- Meta Data
- Tables or Files + Relationship Among Rows in Tables + Meta Data
- What is a Database Management System?
- Program, licensed by vendors, used to create, process, and administer a database.
- Operations
- Read Data
- Insert Data
- Modify Data
- Delete Data
- SQL
- Structured Query Language
- Administering the Database
- Set up security system involving user accounts, passwords, permissions, and limits for processing.
- Limit user permissions in very specific ways
- Backs up data, adds structure, improves performance, and removes unwanted data.
- Summary of Database Administration Tasks
- Operation
- Backup
- Recovery
- Adaptation
- Development
- Create and Staff Database Administration Function
- Form Steering Committee
- Specify Requirements
- Validate Data Model
- Evaluate Application Data
- How do Database Applications Make Databases More Useful?
- Forms
- View Data
- Insert Data
- Update Data
- Delete Existing Data
- Queries
- Search Based Upon User Provided Data Values
- Reports
- Generates a structured presentation of the data
- Uses Filters
- Application Programs
- Special operations
- Security
- Data Consistency
- How are Data Models Used For Database Development?
- Components of Entity Relationship Data Model
- Entities
- Something users want to track
- Primary Key
- Shorthand name of an Entity
- Attributes
- Describes entity characteristics
- Identifiers
- Uniquely identifies one entity instance from another instance of an entity.
- Client Side Coding
- Server Side Coding
- C#
- Java
- Node.js Java Script
- How is a Data Model Transformed Into A Database Design?
- Normalization
- Converts one badly structured table into two or more well structured tables.
- Goal
- Construct tables with data about a single theme or entity.
- Purpose
- To minimize data integrity problems
- Data Integrity Problems
- Produce incorrect and inconsistent information
- Users loose confidence in information
- Systems gains a poor reputation
- Can only occur if data is replicated
- Summary of Normalization
- Represent Each Entity With A Table
- Entity identifier becomes table key
- Entity attributes become table columns
- Normalize Tables Are Necessary
- Represent Relationships
- Use foreign keys
- Add additional tables for N:M relationships
- What is the User's Role In Development of Databases?
- Users are the final judges
- Users' review of data models is crucial
- Ensure its accuracy reflects users' view of the business.
- Entities must contain all of the data, you and your employees need to do your jobs, and relationships must accurately represent your view of the business.
- User Mistakes will come back to haunt them.
- 2025?
Additional Notes
- Rule of Themes
- For a Single Theme use a...
- For Multiple Themes use a...
Chapter 6
Why is the Cloud the Future of Most Organizations?
- What Does Elastic Leasing Mean?
- Flexible for Unpredictable Demand
- Organizations only pay for the resources they actually use.
- What is The Cloud?
- Elastic Leasing of computer resources via the internet.
- How do Organizations Pool Resources?
- Many organizations share the same physical hardware through virtualization.
- What is the Benefit Organizations Get From The Economies of Scale of Pooling Resources?
- Average Cost of Production decreases as the size of the operation increases.
- What are Web Farms?
- Enormous data centers, run by major cloud vendors.
- When Would You Not Want to Use The Cloud?
- If the law or standard industry practice, require physical control or possession of data.
- Example
- Some financial institutions if not all, are required to have physical control over its data.
What network technology supports the cloud?
- Types of Network Technology
- Local Area Network
- Characteristics
- Computers connected at a single physical site.
- Protocol
- Bluetooth
- For transmitting data short distances
- Wired Area Network
- Characteristics
- Computers connected between two or more seperate sites.
- Internet and internets
- How are Communication Speeds Expressed?
- How is Memory Size Expressed?
- Bytes
- One Byte Equals Eight Bits
- Important ISP Functions
- Provides legitimate internet access
- Gateway to the internet
- Collects money from customers who pay access fees and other charges to telecoms to pay for internet
How does the cloud work?
- What Are Packets?
- Messages that are broken down and moved through the internet.
- What Are Carriers?
- What Are Peer Agreements?
- Agreements to exchange traffic among multiple carriers, without paying access fees.
- What is Net Neutrality?
- All data is treated equally
- What is the Bandwidth Problem?
- Some people use more bandwidth than others
- What is a Public IP Address?
- Identifies a particular device on public internet
- What is the ICANN?
- Internet Corporation For Assigned Names And Numbers
- Who assigns Public IP Addresses?
- What is a Private IP Address?
- Identifies a device on a private network
- What are the Major Benefits of IP Addresses?
- IP addresses are conserved when multiple computers are on the same public LAN Network.
- Using Private IP addresses eliminates registering for an IP address from ICANN.
- What is IPv4?
- Four Decimal Dotted Notation
- What is a Domain Name?
- Defininition
- Unique name affiliated with a public IP address
- Important Notes
- Many domain names can point to the same address
- Domain Names can change their affiliated IP addresses
- Three Tier Architecture
- User Tier
- Server Tier
- Web Server Computers
- Web Server
- Other Applications
- Computer Server Applications
- Instructions and Data
- Database Tier
- Database Management System
- Database
- What Are SOA Principles?
- SOA
- Surface Oriented Architecture
- Load Balancers
- Help balance the loads of three tier architecture at each tier.
- Each department formally states the data it expects to receive, with request and data it returns in response
- Every Interaction is Done in The Same Way
- No Department needs to know who works in other departments or how other departments work
- Hierarchy of Protocols Supporting Web Services
- Web Service Protocols
- Application Layer Protocols
- Internet Plumbing Protocols
- Four more layers or protocols
- TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
How do organizations use the cloud?
- Content Delivery Networks
- System of hardware and software stores user data in multiple geographic locations, and makes data available on demand.
- Benefits
- Minimizes Latency
- Protection From DOS Attacks
- Reduced Delivery Costs For Mobile Users
- Pay as you go
- When They Are Best Used
- Store and Deliver Seldom Used Content
How can AllRoad Parts use the cloud?
- SASS Products
- Definition
- Use
- Provide more added value
- PaaS Services
- Definition
- Use
- Provide more added value
- IaaS Services
- Definition
- Infrastructure as a Service
- Use
- Machine with possible software already installed
- Level of Service
- Provides basic hardware in the cloud
- May acquire servers to load operating systems on them
- Requires considerable expertise and management
- Not available for small companies
How can organizations use cloud services securely?
- VPN
- Virtual Private Cloud
- Subset of a public cloud with highly restricted, secure access.
- What is Geotagging?
- Geographical metadata added to everything
2025?
- Faster, safer, better, cloud services
- Why is the Cloud the Future of Most Organizations?
- What Does Elastic Leasing Mean?
- Flexible for Unpredictable Demand
- Organizations only pay for the resources they actually use.
- What is The Cloud?
- Elastic Leasing of computer resources via the internet.
- How do Organizations Pool Resources?
- Many organizations share the same physical hardware through virtualization.
- What is the Benefit Organizations Get From The Economies of Scale of Pooling Resources?
- Average Cost of Production decreases as the size of the operation increases.
- What are Web Farms?
- Enormous data centers, run by major cloud vendors.
- When Would You Not Want to Use The Cloud?
- If the law or standard industry practice, require physical control or possession of data.
- Example
- Some financial institutions if not all, are required to have physical control over its data.
- What network technology supports the cloud?
- Types of Network Technology
- Local Area Network
- Characteristics
- Computers connected at a single physical site.
- Protocol
- Bluetooth
- For transmitting data short distances
- Wired Area Network
- Characteristics
- Computers connected between two or more seperate sites.
- Internet and internets
- How are Communication Speeds Expressed?
- How is Memory Size Expressed?
- Bytes
- One Byte Equals Eight Bits
- Important ISP Functions
- Provides legitimate internet access
- Gateway to the internet
- Collects money from customers who pay access fees and other charges to telecoms to pay for internet
- How does the cloud work?
- What Are Packets?
- Messages that are broken down and moved through the internet.
- What Are Carriers?
- What Are Peer Agreements?
- Agreements to exchange traffic among multiple carriers, without paying access fees.
- What is Net Neutrality?
- All data is treated equally
- What is the Bandwidth Problem?
- Some people use more bandwidth than others
- What is a Public IP Address?
- Identifies a particular device on public internet
- What is the ICANN?
- Internet Corporation For Assigned Names And Numbers
- Who assigns Public IP Addresses?
- What is a Private IP Address?
- Identifies a device on a private network
- What are the Major Benefits of IP Addresses?
- IP addresses are conserved when multiple computers are on the same public LAN Network.
- Using Private IP addresses eliminates registering for an IP address from ICANN.
- What is IPv4?
- Four Decimal Dotted Notation
- What is a Domain Name?
- Defininition
- Unique name affiliated with a public IP address
- Important Notes
- Many domain names can point to the same address
- Domain Names can change their affiliated IP addresses
- Three Tier Architecture
- User Tier
- Server Tier
- Web Server Computers
- Web Server
- Other Applications
- Computer Server Applications
- Instructions and Data
- Database Tier
- Database Management System
- Database
- What Are SOA Principles?
- SOA
- Surface Oriented Architecture
- Load Balancers
- Help balance the loads of three tier architecture at each tier.
- Each department formally states the data it expects to receive, with request and data it returns in response
- Every Interaction is Done in The Same Way
- No Department needs to know who works in other departments or how other departments work
- Hierarchy of Protocols Supporting Web Services
- Web Service Protocols
- Application Layer Protocols
- Internet Plumbing Protocols
- Four more layers or protocols
- TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
- How do organizations use the cloud?
- Content Delivery Networks
- System of hardware and software stores user data in multiple geographic locations, and makes data available on demand.
- Benefits
- Minimizes Latency
- Protection From DOS Attacks
- Reduced Delivery Costs For Mobile Users
- Pay as you go
- When They Are Best Used
- Store and Deliver Seldom Used Content
- How can AllRoad Parts use the cloud?
- SASS Products
- Definition
- Use
- Provide more added value
- PaaS Services
- Definition
- Use
- Provide more added value
- IaaS Services
- Definition
- Infrastructure as a Service
- Use
- Machine with possible software already installed
- Level of Service
- Provides basic hardware in the cloud
- May acquire servers to load operating systems on them
- Requires considerable expertise and management
- Not available for small companies
- How can organizations use cloud services securely?
- VPN
- Virtual Private Cloud
- Subset of a public cloud with highly restricted, secure access.
- What is Geotagging?
- Geographical metadata added to everything
- 2025?
- Faster, safer, better, cloud services
Chapter 1
- Why is Introduction to MIS the most important class in the business school?
- The cost of data processing, communications, and storage is essentially zero.
- Introduction to MIS can help you learn non-routine skills such as:
- Abstract Reasoning
- Ability to make and manipulate models
- Learning and understanding The Five Component System
- Systems Thinking
- Ability to model system components, connect inputs and outputs among components to reflect systems.
- Ability to think critically about, analyze, apply, and discuss different systems.
- Collaboration
- The Ability to Experiment
- The ability to use analysis to develop and evaluate possible solutions.
- What is MIS?
- Key Elements of MIS
- Management and Use
- How to develop, maintain, and adapt by creating information systems to meet your needs.
- Information Systems
- Strategies
- Goal of MIS
- Managing IS to achieve business strategies
- How can you use the five-component model?
- Five Component Framework
- Hardware
- Software
- Data
- Procedures
- People
- Your ability to conceive information from the data is important. Information is value you add to information systems.
- Why is the difference between information technology and information systems important?
- Information Systems focuses on procedures and people
- Information Technology focuses on hardware and software
- What is Information?
- Definitions vary, I agree with the concept of processed data.
- What are Necessary Data Characteristics?
- Accurate
- Timely
- Relevant to Context
- Relevant to Subject
- Just Sufficient
- Worth its Cost
- 2025?
- The world will become more connected, and most things will be capable of being completed online.
Chapter 2
What Are the Two Key Characteristics of Collaboration?
- Feedback
- Iteration
- Collaboration is built upon creating a work, showing your work to a peer, getting feedback from your peer, and then revising your original work based on the feedback given by your peer.
What Are The Three Criteria For Successful Collaboration?
- Successful Outcome
- Growth in Team Capability Overtime
- Meaningful and Satisfying Experience
What are the four primary purposes of collaboration?
- Being Informed
- Make Decisions
- Solve Problems
- Manage Projects
What are the requirements for a collaboration information system?
- Hardware
- Software
- Data
- Procedure
- People
How can you use collaboration tools to improve team communication?
- Synchronous Communication
- Occurs when all team members meet at the same time, such as with conference calls or face to face meetings.
- Asynchronous Communication
- Occurs when team members do not meet at the same time.
How can you use collaboration tools to manage shared content?
- Through applications and cloud drives.
- Shared content can be controlled or not, but their is a spectrum of control.
How can you use Collaboration tools to manage tasks?
- Examples
- Sharing Task Lists on Google Drive
- Sharing Task Lists Using Microsoft Sharepoint
Which Collaboration IS is right for your team?
- It really depends on what your team needs, based on what your team is trying to do.
2025?
- Face to face meetings will become more rare.
- Free data communications and data storage will make collaboration systems cheaper and easier to use.
- More employees work at home full/part time
- Conventions become virtual
- Travel industry focuses on recreational travel
- Asynchronous Corporate Training
Chapter 3
- How does organizational strategy determine information systems structure?
- Information Systems exist to help organizations achieve their strategies.
- Businesses goals and objectives are determined by competitive strategies.
- Competitive strategies determine the structure, features, and functions of every information system.
- What five forces determine industry structure?
- Bargaining Power of Customers
- Threat of Substitutions
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- Threat of New Entrants
- Rivalry
- How does analysis of industry structure determine competitive strategy?
- Four Competitive Strategies
- Cost/Industry Wide: Lowest Cost Across the Country
- Cost/Focus: Lowest cost within an industry segment
- Differentiation/Industry Wide: Better product/service across the industry
- Differentiation/Focus: Better product/service within an industry segment.
- How does competitive strategy determine value chain structure?
- Primary Activities of Value Chains
- Inbound Logistics
- Receiving, storing, and disseminating inputs to the products.
- Operations/Manufacturing
- Transforming inputs into the final products.
- Outbound Logistics
- Collecting, storing, and physically distributing the products to buyers.
- Sales and Marketing
- Inducing buyers to purchase the products and providing a means for them to do so.
- Customer Service
- Assisting customers' use of the products and thus maintaining and enhancing the products' value.
- How do business processes generate value?
- Inbound Logistics > Manufacturing > Outbound Logistics > Sales and Marketing > Customer Service
- How does competitive strategy determine business processes and the structure of information systems?
- Information Systems exist to help organizations achieve their strategies.
- Businesses goals and objectives are determined by competitive strategies.
- Competitive strategies determine the structure, features, and functions of every information system.
- How do information systems provide competitive advantages?
- Depends on the system, and what the system does to establish competitive advantages.
- Examples of Competitive Advantages
- Enhances existing products
- Differentiates Products
- Locks in Customers
- Raises barriers to market entry
- Increases profit margins by decreasing costs and decreasing errors
- 2025?
- Speed of business accelerating
- New Business advances
- More new technology will be integrated into businesses
