Information Systems HTML Notes

Notes Link
http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp

Information Systems Independent Study Notes Chapter 4 and Chapter 5

Chapter 4

• What do Business Professionals Need To Know About Computer Hardware?
• CPU
• What is The CPU?
• Central Processing Unit
• The Brain of the Computer
• How Does The CPU Work?
• Works in Conjunction with Random Access Memory 
• Reads data and instructions from memory
• Stores results of computation in memory
• How is CPU Speed Expressed?
• Hertz
• Definition
• The Speed Cycles of CPUs
• Speeds Based On Computers
• Slow Personal Computers
• 1.5 Gigahertz
• Fast Dual Processor PC
• 3+ Gigahertz
• 32 Bit and 64 Bit CPUs
• Needs a 64 Bit Processor, to use more than 4GB of Memory
• Dual Processors vs Quad Processors 
• Have varying CPU speed, function, and cost.
• What Are Basic Types of Hardware?
• Server Farms
• Large Collection of Coordinated Servers
• Tablets
• Personal Computers
• Servers
• Smartphones
• Binary
• Definition
• Programming based on telling the difference between two states.
• Mechanical Methods for Binary
• Reflection
• Magnetic Polarization
• Light Switches
• How Can New Hardware Effect Competitive Strategies?
• Client
• What Do Clients Connect to, to receieve information?
• Servers
• Operating System
• Programs that control the client computer resources.
• Application Programs
• Applications that are processed on Client's Computer.
• Server
• Operating System
• Programs that control the server computer resources.
• Application Programs
• Applications that are processed on Server's Computer.
• What Do Business Professionals Need To Know About Software?
• Virtual Machines
• A Server's Computational Power Remotely Accessed in A Software Application 
• Granting the Illusion that someone has their computer.
• Ownership Vs Licensing
• License Software
• Right to Use A Specified Number of Copies
• It Limits a User's Liability
• Site License
• Costs a Flat Fee
• Installs Software on all company computers or at a specific site
• Open Source
• No license fee
• How Do Organizations Obtain Different Types of Applications?
• Applications You Can Get Off The Shelf
• Horizontal Applications
• Applications You Can Get Off The Shelf And Then Customized
• Horizontal Applications
• Vertical Applications
• Applications You Can Get Custom Developed
• One of a Kind Applications
• What is Firm Ware?
• Software installed into read only memory, the program's logic is designed into device's circuitry 
• Is Open Source Software A Viable Alternative?
• Depends on the Situation's Restraints and Requirements
• Free Open Source Software might require support and operational costs that are higher than normal licensing fees.
• What Are The Differences Between Native And Web Applications?
• Native Applications
• High Skill Level
• High Price
• Sophisticated
• Professional Programmers Only
• Run on any operating system and device
• Limited by the capability of browsers
• Web Applications
• Low to High Skill Level
• Professional Programmers, Web Developers, and Business Professionals Can Use Them
• Vary in Price
• Vary in Sophistication
• Thin-Client Applications
• You get them via the web
• Require Modern Browsers to Run
• Cheaper to Develop
• Cheaper to Maintain
• May Lack Wow Factor
• Why Are Mobile Systems Increasingly Important?
• The World is Connected, People Can Do Things on The Go
• What Are The Challenges of Personal Mobile Devices At Work?
• Advantages
• Cost Savings
• Greater Employee Satisfaction
• Reduced Need for Training
• Higher Productivity
• Reduced Support Costs
• Disadvantages
• Data Loss or Damage
• Loss of Control
• Compatibility Problems
• Risk of Infection
• Greater Support Costs
• 2025?
• New Jobs
• Everything is Connected

Chapter 5

• What is the Purpose of A Database?
• To organize and keep track of things and to organize and keep track of themes.
• Spreadsheets Vs Databases
• Spreadsheets
• Has only a single theme
• Are not made to be able to pull data
• Is good for serving one user
• Databases
• Have multiple themes
• Are made to be able to pull data
• Is good for serving multiple users
• Form
• An User Interface for the purpose of entering data.
• What is a Database?
• Relational Database
• Made up of Tables
• Tables are made up of rows and columns
• Rows and columns have a relationship with one another.
• Multiple Tables can be related with one another
• Meta Data
• Data about Data 
• Tables or Files + Relationship Among Rows in Tables + Meta Data
• What is a Database Management System?
• Program, licensed by vendors, used to create, process, and administer a database. 
• Operations
• Read Data
• Insert Data
• Modify Data
• Delete Data
• SQL
• Structured Query Language 
• Administering the Database
• Set up security system involving user accounts, passwords, permissions, and limits for processing.
• Limit user permissions in very specific ways
• Backs up data, adds structure, improves performance, and removes unwanted data. 
• Summary of Database Administration Tasks
• Operation
• Backup
• Recovery
• Adaptation
• Development
• Create and Staff Database Administration Function
• Form Steering Committee 
• Specify Requirements
• Validate Data Model
• Evaluate Application Data
• How do Database Applications Make Databases More Useful?
• Forms
• View Data
• Insert Data
• Update Data
• Delete Existing Data
• Queries
• Search Based Upon User Provided Data Values
• Reports 
• Generates a structured presentation of the data
• Uses Filters
• Application Programs
• Special operations
• Security
• Data Consistency
• How are Data Models Used For Database Development?
• Components of Entity Relationship Data Model
• Entities
• Something users want to track
• Primary Key
• Shorthand name of an Entity
• Attributes
• Describes entity characteristics
• Identifiers
• Uniquely identifies one entity instance from another instance of an entity.
• Client Side Coding
• Html5
• Css3
• JavaScript
• Server Side Coding
• C#
• Java
• Node.js Java Script
• How is a Data Model Transformed Into A Database Design?
• Normalization
• Converts one badly structured table into two or more well structured tables.
• Goal
• Construct tables with data about a single theme or entity.
• Purpose
• To minimize data integrity problems
• Data Integrity Problems
• Produce incorrect and inconsistent information
• Users loose confidence in information
• Systems gains a poor reputation
• Can only occur if data is replicated
• Summary of Normalization
• Represent Each Entity With A Table
• Entity identifier becomes table key
• Entity attributes become table columns
• Normalize Tables Are Necessary
• Represent Relationships
• Use foreign keys
• Add additional tables for N:M relationships
• What is the User's Role In Development of Databases?
• Users are the final judges
• Users' review of data models is crucial
• Ensure its accuracy reflects users' view of the business.
• Entities must contain all of the data, you and your employees need to do your jobs, and relationships must accurately represent your view of the business.
• User Mistakes will come back to haunt them.
• 2025?
• NOSQL DBMS is the Future

Additional Notes

• Rule of Themes
• For a Single Theme use a...
• Spreadsheet
• For Multiple Themes use a...
• Database

In Class Notes Information Systems 7/11/16

• How Do You Get a Competitive Advantage?
• Do something better than any of your competitors, or do something that none of your competitors can do.
• You don't want to be easily substituted
• Competitive Strategies
• Industry Wide Competitive Strategies
• Cost
• Lowest cost across the industry
• Differtiation
• Better product/service across the industry
• Focused Competitive Strategies
• Cost
• Lowest cost within an industry segment
• Differentiation 
• Better product/service within an industry segment
• What an You Do Better?
• Lower Cost
• Better Service
• Value Chain Structure
• Support Activities
• Management Supplier Relationships
• Investigate New Designs
• Hire and Support Employees
• Manage Company Resources
• Primary Activities
• Inbound Logistics
• Acquire Inputs
• Operations/Manufacturing
• Outbound Logistics
• Output outputs
• Sales and Marketing
• Customer Service
• What is Margin?
• Value-Cost
• What is Total Margin?
• Margin of Primary Activities + Margin of Supporting Activities
• Business Processes
• Figuring out how to get the competitive advantage over your opponents.
• It is how you actual have competitive advantage. 
• Every organization has its own unique businesses processes.
• Rule of Information Systems
• Always supports business processing 
• No matter how good your IS is, if your business model sucks, it does you no good. 

Information Systems Chapter 1, 2, 3 Independent Study Notes

Chapter 1

• Why is Introduction to MIS the most important class in the business school?
• The cost of data processing, communications, and storage is essentially zero.
• Introduction to MIS can help you learn non-routine skills such as:
• Abstract Reasoning
• Ability to make and manipulate models
• Learning and understanding The Five Component System
• Systems Thinking
• Ability to model system components, connect inputs and outputs among components to reflect systems.
• Ability to think critically about, analyze, apply, and discuss different systems.
• Collaboration
• The Ability to Experiment
• The ability to use analysis to develop and evaluate possible solutions.
• What is MIS?
• Key Elements of MIS
• Management and Use
• How to develop, maintain, and adapt by creating information systems to meet your needs.
• Information Systems
• Strategies
• Goal of MIS
• Managing IS to achieve business strategies
• How can you use the five-component model?
• Five Component Framework
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Procedures
• People
• Your ability to conceive information from the data is important. Information is value you add to information systems. 
• Why is the difference between information technology  and information systems important?
• Information Systems focuses on procedures and people
• Information Technology focuses on hardware and software
• What is Information?
• Definitions vary, I agree with the concept of processed data.
• What are Necessary Data Characteristics?
• Accurate
• Timely
• Relevant to Context
• Relevant to Subject
• Just Sufficient
• Worth its Cost
• 2025?
• The world will become more connected, and most things will be capable of being completed online.

Chapter 2

What Are the Two Key Characteristics of Collaboration?

• Feedback
• Iteration
• Collaboration is built upon creating a work, showing your work to a peer, getting feedback from your peer, and then revising your original work based on the feedback given by your peer.

What Are The Three Criteria For Successful Collaboration?

• Successful Outcome
• Growth in Team Capability Overtime
• Meaningful and Satisfying Experience 

What are the four primary purposes of collaboration?

• Being Informed
• Make Decisions
• Solve Problems
• Manage Projects

What are the requirements for a collaboration information system?

• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Procedure
• People

How can you use collaboration tools to improve team communication?

• Synchronous Communication
• Occurs when all team members meet at the same time, such as with conference calls or face to face meetings.
• Asynchronous Communication
• Occurs when team members do not meet at the same time.

How can you use collaboration tools to manage shared content?

• Through applications and cloud drives.
• Shared content can be controlled or not, but their is a spectrum of control.

How can you use Collaboration tools to manage tasks?

• Examples
• Sharing Task Lists on Google Drive
• Sharing Task Lists Using Microsoft Sharepoint

Which Collaboration IS is right for your team?

• It really depends on what your team needs, based on what your team is trying to do.

2025?

• Face to face meetings will become more rare.
• Free data communications and data storage will make collaboration systems cheaper and easier to use.
• More employees work at home full/part time
• Conventions become virtual
• Travel industry focuses on recreational travel
• Asynchronous Corporate Training

Chapter 3

• How does organizational strategy determine information systems structure?
• Information Systems exist to help organizations achieve  their strategies.
• Businesses goals and objectives are determined by competitive strategies. 
• Competitive strategies determine the structure, features, and functions of every information system.
• What five forces determine industry structure?
• Bargaining Power of Customers
• Threat of Substitutions
• Bargaining Power of Suppliers
• Threat of New Entrants
• Rivalry
• How does analysis of industry structure determine competitive strategy?
• Four Competitive Strategies
• Cost/Industry Wide: Lowest Cost Across the Country
• Cost/Focus: Lowest cost within an industry segment
• Differentiation/Industry Wide: Better product/service across the industry
• Differentiation/Focus: Better product/service within an industry segment.
• How does competitive strategy determine value chain structure?
• Primary Activities of Value Chains
• Inbound Logistics
• Receiving, storing, and disseminating inputs to the products.
• Operations/Manufacturing
• Transforming inputs into the final products.
• Outbound Logistics
• Collecting, storing, and physically distributing the products to buyers.
• Sales and Marketing
• Inducing buyers to purchase the products and providing a means for them to do so.
• Customer Service
• Assisting customers' use of the products and thus maintaining and enhancing the products' value.
• How do business processes generate value?
• Inbound Logistics > Manufacturing > Outbound Logistics > Sales and Marketing > Customer Service
• How does competitive strategy determine business processes and the structure of information systems?
• Information Systems exist to help organizations achieve  their strategies.
• Businesses goals and objectives are determined by competitive strategies. 
• Competitive strategies determine the structure, features, and functions of every information system.
• How do information systems provide competitive advantages?
• Depends on the system, and what the system does to establish competitive advantages.
• Examples of Competitive Advantages
• Enhances existing products
• Differentiates Products
• Locks in Customers
• Raises barriers to market entry
• Increases profit margins by decreasing costs and decreasing errors
• 2025?
• Speed of business accelerating
• New Business advances
• More new technology will be integrated into businesses

Excel Lab Notes

Future Value

What it Will Look Like

=FV (annual interest rate, years, yearly payment)

How are Yearly Payments Portrayed?

As negative values

How to Calculate Monthly Interest Rate

Annual interest rate divided by twelve.

How Do You Calculate Total Number of Periods When Given Years, When You Require Monthly Periods

Years Multiplied by Twelve

How Do You Calculate PMT For Monthly Payments

=PMT(Monthly Interest Rate, Number of Periods In Months, Amount Borrowed)

How Do You Calculate PMT for Annual Payments

=PMT(Annual Interest Rate, Number of Periods In Years, Amount Borrowed)

What is the Basic Set-Up for PMT?

=PMT(rate, number of periods, principal value)

How Do You Calculate Borrowing Amount

(Price+(Price*Sales Tax Rate) - Down Payment- Trade in Value)

How Do You Calculate The Monthly Payment of a Car Loan?

What Will You Need To Know

• Price
• Down Payment
• Trade in Value
• Sales Tax Rate
• Interest Rate
• Borrowed Amount
• How to Calculate Borrowed Amount
• =Price+Price*Sales Tax Rate- Down Payment - Trade in Value 
• Terms

How to Calculate Monthly Payment of a Car Loan

=PMT(Annual Interest Rate/12, Terms, Borrow Amount)

How to Calculate The Principal (Loan Amortization)

=PMT (Annual Interest Rate/How many payments made that year, which payment it is, number of periods, present value of the borrowed amount [which changes])

How Do you Calculate Interest (Loan Amortization)

=ipmt(Annual Interest Rate/12, which payment it is, Terms, Present Value of Borrowed Amount [which changes])

How Do You Calculate the Balance (Loan Amortization)

Original Amount You Borrowed Minus The Principal

What Do The Dollar Signs Do?

It locks the value as a constant. You put the dollar sign in front of the number and letter of the cell variable that you want to make constant.

How Do You Calculate the Sum of a column?

=sum(Starting Cell Variable : Ending Cell Variable)

Information Systems Independent Study Notes

• What Are the Two Key Characteristics of Collaboration?
• Feedback
• Iteration
• Collaboration is built upon creating a work, showing your work to a peer, getting feedback from your peer, and then revising your original work based on the feedback given by your peer.
• What Are The Three Criteria For Successful Collaboration?
• Successful Outcome
• Growth in Team Capability Overtime
• Meaningful and Satisfying Experience 
• What are the four primary purposes of collaboration?
• Being Informed
• Make Decisions
• Solve Problems
• Manage Projects
• What are the requirements for a collaboration information system?
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Procedure
• People
• How can you use collaboration tools to improve team communication?
• Synchronous Communication
• Occurs when all team members meet at the same time, such as with conference calls or face to face meetings.
• Asynchronous Communication
• Occurs when team members do not meet at the same time.
• How can you use collaboration tools to manage shared content?
• Through applications and cloud drives.
• Shared content can be controlled or not, but their is a spectrum of control.
• How can you use Collaboration tools to manage tasks?
• Examples
• Sharing Task Lists on Google Drive
• Sharing Task Lists Using Microsoft Sharepoint
• Which Collaboration IS is right for your team?
• It really depends on what your team needs, based on what your team is trying to do.
• 2025?
• Face to face meetings will become more rare.
• Free data communications and data storage will make collaboration systems cheaper and easier to use.
• More employees work at home full/part time
• Conventions become virtual
• Travel industry focuses on recreational travel
• Asynchronous Corporate Training